The timing of shrub pruning is critical to its success. For many types of shrubs, pruning in the wrong season can actually do more harm than good. You may think you are just removing an unsightly part of the plant, but you may actually be preventing new growth from reaching its full potential if you prune and trim your shrubs at the wrong time.
To help our readers prevent such issues, we have put together this guide to help you understand when and how your shrubs should be pruned for healthy, strong growth!
Late winter to early spring is the best time for pruning most shrubs because it coincides with their dormant period. During dormancy, shrubs are not actively growing, which means they are less susceptible to stress caused by trimming. At this time, sap flow is minimal, and there are no vulnerable new shoots to damage. Cuts made during dormancy also heal more efficiently, reducing the risk of pests or diseases entering through fresh wounds.
By pruning before new growth begins, homeowners and landscapers can direct the plant’s energy toward developing healthy shoots, which will emerge as soon as the weather warms. For flowering shrubs, this often results in a more abundant bloom later in the season.
Dormant pruning reduces the risk of spreading diseases, as pests and pathogens are less active in colder temperatures. This is especially important for shrubs that are susceptible to fungal infections or pest infestations. The visual clarity provided by a leafless structure makes it easier to identify and address problem areas, ensuring the shrub is in its best shape to thrive come spring.
Keep in mind that pruning diseased or dead plant matter should always be done promptly, regardless of the season or time of year. Dormant pruning should be thought of as a yearly routine to work in conjunction with as-needed pruning and regular maintenance. Below are just some of the major benefits of pruning during winter dormancy.
Determining when a shrub requires pruning starts with observing its condition. Dead, diseased, or damaged branches are clear indicators that pruning is necessary. These types of issues detract from the shrub's appearance and, more importantly, pose a risk to its overall health by potentially harboring pests or invasive fungi. Removing these problem areas should be a priority.
Overcrowded growth is another sign that pruning is needed. When branches grow too closely together, they can block airflow and sunlight, creating a damp environment that encourages fungal diseases. Pruning to create an open, airy structure helps prevent such issues while also allowing light to reach the inner parts of the plant.
The pruning needs of shrubs often depend on their growth habits and blooming cycles. Shrubs that flower on old wood, such as lilacs and forsythias, should generally be pruned immediately after they bloom. Other shrubs that bloom on new wood, like roses, benefit most from pruning in late winter. It is always best to know the needs of your specific shrubbery before pruning or trimming.
To ensure successful pruning, it’s important to follow proper techniques. Start by using clean, sharp tools to make precise cuts. Dull or dirty tools can tear branches or introduce infections. Cuts should be made at a slight angle, just above a healthy bud or side branch, to encourage proper healing and new growth. Begin pruning by removing any sick or otherwise-damaged wood.
Next, look for branches that cross or rub against each other, as these can create wounds and disrupt the plant’s structure. Aim to open up the shrub’s center to improve airflow and sunlight penetration. However, avoid over-pruning, and be sure you always follows the one-third rule. Removing more than one-third of the shrub’s total growth in a single session can stress the plant and impede recovery.
Having the right tools is essential for successful pruning. Hand pruners are ideal for small branches, while loppers and pruning saws are better suited for thicker, older wood. Hedge shears can be used for shaping softer growth, but they should not be relied upon for woody stems. Make sure to keep your pruning and trimming tools clean in order to make healthier cuts and prevent spreading disease. Keep the following in mind when pruning your shrubs.
While pruning offers numerous benefits, mistakes can severely hinder a shrub’s health and growth. One of the most common errors is pruning too late in the season. Trimming during active growth or just before blooming can stress the plant and reduce the number of flowers or fruits it produces.
To avoid any mistakes or pruning mishaps, it is always best to trust a professional landscaping company like ours to take care of your shrubs. There is no substitute for the experience and training of a professional landscaper when it comes to maintaining your shrubs and plants, not to mention our access to the best products and equipment available. Call Blue Sky today to find out more about our trimming and pruning services in Virginia!
